INTRODUCTION TO THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME

Common symptoms of a brain tumor can vary greatly and depend on the tumor's location, size, and growth rate. They may include headaches, seizures, changes in personality or behavior, memory problems, and difficulty with balance, speech, hearing, or vision. Learn more on this topic in our Brain Tumors section.

A brain aneurysm is typically diagnosed through imaging methods such as a CT scan, MRI, or cerebral angiography. A lumbar puncture is sometimes done if there is suspicion of an aneurysm rupture. You can read more about this in our dedicated Brain Aneurysms section.

Treatment options for a pituitary adenoma include observation, medication, surgery, and radiation therapy. The best treatment option depends on the size and type of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Learn more about Pituitary Adenoma treatment in the corresponding section.

Disc herniation can occur due to aging, physical stress, or injury. As we age, our discs lose some of their water content, increasing the likelihood of tearing or bulging with even slight strain or twist. Learn more about different types of disc herniation in our Spine Diseases section.

Scoliosis treatment depends on the degree of the curve and the patient's age. Non-surgical treatments include physical therapy, brace use, and pain relievers. In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the curve. Learn more about scoliosis is treated in our Scoliosis Treatment section.

Degenerative disc disease is a condition of wear and tear on the intervertebral discs in the spine with age. Symptoms can include back or neck pain, numbness and tingling sensation, and difficulty in walking. Learn more in our Spine Diseases section.

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition where the space between the collarbone and the first rib narrows, compressing the nerves or blood vessels. This can lead to pain in the neck and shoulder and numbness in the fingers. Learn more about TOS in our Thoracic Outlet Syndrome section.

Risk factors for thoracic outlet syndrome include poor posture, obesity, repetitive arm or shoulder movements, and anatomical abnormalities such as an abnormal rib or a narrow space between the shoulder and rib. Learn more in our Thoracic Outlet Syndrome section.

The diagnosis of TOS is made in conjunction with the patient's history, symptoms, physical examination, imaging tests, and neurophysiological tests. Treatment can include physical therapy, pain management, and surgery in severe cases. Learn more about treatment options in our Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment section.

Symptoms of neurological disorders can range widely but commonly include muscle weakness, uncoordinated movements, seizures, persistent or severe headaches, cognitive and memory problems, and changes in sensation. Learn more about neurological disorders in our Brain Diseases section.

Warning signs of a brain aneurysm can encompass sudden and severe headaches, blurred or double vision, neck pain, fainting or dizziness, and sensitivity to light. However, many aneurysms may not show symptoms until they leak or rupture. Learn more about this in our Brain Aneurysms section.

The need for surgery typically depends on the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm. Generally, aneurysms larger than 7mm, those located at certain parts of the brain, or those showing signs of growth on consecutive scans may require surgical intervention. To understand the specifics, it's best to consult with a neurosurgeon. More on this topic in our Brain Aneurysms section.

Yes, a brain AVM can potentially lead to personality changes if it affects areas of the brain responsible for behavior, cognition, and emotion. Other symptoms might include headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits. Discover more about this disease in our Brain AVM section.

Currently, there's no standard blood test that can definitively diagnose brain cancer. While certain markers or changes may suggest a tumor's presence, imaging tests like MRI or CT scans remain primary diagnostic tools. Learn more about the diagnostic processes for brain cancer in our Brain Tumors section.

X-rays are not typically used to detect brain tumors. MRI and CT scans are the primary imaging modalities for this purpose, offering more detailed views of the brain's structure. Explore the specifics of diagnosing brain tumors in our Brain Tumors section.

The growth rate of brain tumors can vary based on the type and grade of the tumor. Some tumors grow slowly and might not cause symptoms for years, while others can grow rapidly and present symptoms within weeks or months. The onset of symptoms also depends on the tumor's location and size. Learn more about the progression of brain tumors in our Brain Cancer section.

If Chiari malformation goes untreated, symptoms might worsen over time, leading to chronic pain, impaired coordination, and in severe cases, paralysis. Early intervention is recommended to prevent potential complications. Learn more about this in our Chiari Malformation section.

Hemifacial spasms might diminish with certain treatments, but spontaneous remission is rare. Proper medical intervention can alleviate the symptoms and improve the quality of life. Learn more about the treatment options in our Hemifacial Spasm Treatment section.

If left untreated, hydrocephalus can lead to increased intracranial pressure, causing cognitive impairments, vision problems, loss of coordination, and potentially life-threatening brain damage. Learn more about Hydrocephalus Treatment in our dedicated section.

An untreated pituitary tumor can grow and press against essential parts of the brain, disrupting hormonal balances and leading to a variety of health issues, from vision problems to metabolic disorders. Read more about this in our Pituitary Tumors section.

Trigeminal neuralgia symptoms can be similar to other conditions like dental problems, sinusitis, cluster headaches, or temporomandibular joint disorders, making accurate diagnosis essential. Learn more about how to detect Trigeminal Neuralgia in our dedicated section.

After brain surgery, patients might experience fatigue, mood fluctuations, or cognitive changes. Recovery time varies, and regular follow-ups are essential to monitor healing and detect any complications. Learn more about the recovery process for different disorders in our Brain Diseases Treatment section.

As we age, the spine undergoes natural degenerative changes. Discs may lose hydration and elasticity, vertebral bones might thin, and there can be a gradual narrowing of the spinal canal, which might lead to spinal stenosis or other conditions. Learn more about spine disorders in our Spine Diseases section.

Yes, hardware from spinal fusion can be removed, but it's typically done only if it's causing discomfort, pain, or other complications. Discover more details about Spinal Fusion technique in the corresponding section.

Full recovery from spinal fusion surgery can range from 3-6 months, although some activities may be limited for up to a year. Read more about the specifics of this procedure and the recovery process in our Spinal Fusion section.

Symptoms can include chronic pain, limited mobility, a sensation of hardware movement, or the same symptoms experienced before surgery. Learn more about Failed Back Surgery in the corresponding section.

Treatment can involve physical therapy, pain management, or, in some cases, revision surgery. You can read more about the options in our Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Treatment section.

Post spinal fusion, expect initial pain and limited mobility, followed by a gradual return to activities with physical therapy guidance. Long-term outcomes usually include pain relief and improved stability. Learn more about this procedure in our section dedicated to Spinal Fusion.

Yes, if a herniated disc compresses a nerve for an extended period, it can lead to permanent nerve damage. You can learn more about the nature of the different types of herniated discs and the risks associated with them in our Spine Diseases section.

Yes, without proper care or due to continued strain, a bulging disc can worsen or even rupture and become a herniated disc. Read more about bulged and herniated discs and their associated risks in our Spine Diseases section.

Recovery from neck surgery can vary based on the procedure, but typically ranges from a few weeks to several months. Learn about the specifics of recovery after spinal surgery in our Spine Surgery section.

Not all compression fractures require surgery. Many heal with conservative treatment, but severe cases might benefit from surgical intervention. Learn about the nature and diagnostic process of compression fractures in our Spinal Compression Fracture section.

Recovery can range from a few weeks for minor fractures to several months for more severe cases. Discover more about the spine fracture recovery process in our dedicated Spinal Compression Fracture Treatment section.

Most patients start feeling better within 48 hours of kyphoplasty, with full recovery in a few weeks.

Recovery from vertebroplasty is typically quick, with most patients resuming normal activities within a few days.

Both procedures involve stabilizing fractured vertebrae, but kyphoplasty includes the inflation of a balloon to create space before cement is injected, whereas vertebroplasty injects cement directly without balloon inflation.

Patients with certain types of fractures, severe osteoporosis, or those with an active infection might not be suitable candidates for kyphoplasty. Always consult with a spinal specialist.

The initial symptoms of spinal cancer might include localized pain, numbness or weakness in the limbs, difficulty walking, and loss of bladder or bowel control. Symptoms depend on the tumor's location and size. You can learn more about Spinal Tumors in our corresponding section.

While scoliosis in adults can't always be fully corrected, treatments, including physical therapy, braces, or surgery, can reduce its severity and alleviate symptoms. You can learn more about the available treatment options in our Scoliosis Treatment section.

Scoliosis can worsen over time, especially if it's left untreated. Adult scoliosis can progress due to degenerative changes in the spine. Learn more about the nature and risks associated with this disease in our dedicated Scoliosis section.

Severe scoliosis can impact the lungs, leading to reduced lung function. The heart can also be affected as it may work harder due to reduced lung capacity. Learn more about how scoliosis affects the body in the corresponding Scoliosis section.

The three primary types of scoliosis are idiopathic (cause unknown, most common in adolescents), congenital (due to bone abnormalities present at birth), and neuromuscular (stemming from nerve or muscle disorders). Learn more about the differences between these types and the nature of this condition in the dedicated Scoliosis section.

Hunchback, or kyphosis, can be caused by poor posture, spinal trauma, congenital issues, osteoporosis, disc degeneration, or certain diseases like tuberculosis.

Tailbone pain, or coccydynia, without evident injury can arise from prolonged sitting, childbirth, tumors, infections, or can sometimes have an idiopathic (unknown) origin.

Symptoms of TOS might include pain, numbness, or tingling in the neck, shoulder, arm, or fingers, arm weakness, and impaired circulation. Learn more about the symptoms and warning signs of TOS in our section on Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Yes, while surgery can alleviate TOS symptoms, there is a chance of recurrence, especially if underlying causes like posture or repetitive activities aren't addressed. Learn more about how to avoid this situation in our Recurrent Thoracic Outlet Syndrome section.